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In this work, the flow velocity distribution was determined by measurements of visualized flow, obtained with a one-fourth scale three-dimensional model, and by numerical analysis. The measurements of interior flow were obtained using a method which combined the particle-tracking technique, a basic method conventionally employed for flow visualization, with a pulsed-laser-light-sheet technique. Flow images taken with a video camera were then processed by means of an image processing system. Flow velocity distributions were obtained for two different discharge modes - a dashboard-vent mode in which air was discharged from four vents provided along the top of the dashboard, and a bi-level mode in which vents at the foot position were added to those of the first mode. Three-dimensional numerical analyses using a direct-simulation method were conducted to calculate the interior flow, and a comparison was made with the measured results obtained in the visualization experiment.

To improve fuel consumption, hybrid system, turbo-charged engine, and clean diesel engine vehicles have been developed. These new systems require additional heat exchangers which reduces air flow rate within the heat exchangers of an engine cooling module. Consequently, power of cooling fan is increased. CalsonicKansei (CK) has developed a new cooling module “SLIM” (Single Layer Integrated cooling Module). This consists of a current condenser which is air-cooled and a new water-cooled condenser. This water cooled condenser is specifically designed to bring superheated refrigerant vapor to saturated conditions. The water-cooled condenser is located inside of the sub-radiator tank. The operation of the sub-radiator is to provide cooling to charge air cooler (CAC) and to water-cooled condenser. The switch of the operation is done automatically without any valve and any actuator.