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A global shift towards a greener and low carbon footprint will require noteworthy improvements in the manner in which energy is being produced and utilized. With the boom in passenger vehicle market in automotive industry, the transformation into systems which are more cost effective and fuel efficient, are apparently the need of the hour. Among the ‘Clean’ technologies, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are on the top of the list of options. The paper presents in detail the survey of relevant prospects of HEV in the Indian market and how the Indian OEMs have responded to this opportunity. Series, parallel, parallel electric assist and combined hybrid electric systems are evaluated and the viable solutions are proposed. A broad study has been conducted on the various strategies and methodologies for implementation through the HEV. It also elucidates the design criteria and optimization techniques with reference to the relevant driving cycles.

Today's automotive Air Intake Systems are developed to deliver maximum filtration efficiency, maximum dust holding capacity and maximum service interval range based on engine performance and reliability requirements. It must also meet requirements of packaging, higher flow rates, lower pressure drop, lower noise, better fuel economy, increased vehicle speed/acceleration, high temperature compatibility, corrosion resistance, easy serviceability and cost effectiveness. It requires a well-behaved uniform flow with minimum temperature rise and pressure drop across the system. The air intake system should be installed such that no water ingress or water traces are found during the water wading test. These challenging requirements cannot be met effectively without a systems approach. The Air Intake System development process starts with selection of design methodology and evolution of checklists for System Design Specifications (SDS) and definition of targets.

Biodiesel is an alternate fuel for diesel consisting of the alkyl monoester of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils. The most usual method to transform oil into biodiesel is transesterification which can be carried out using different catalyst. Jatropha is second generation oil which is non edible and can be use for producing biodiesel. The first part is to expel oil from jatropha seeds. There are different types of expelling methods such as mechanical extraction, solvent extraction and enzymatic extraction. The study was conducted with hand driven mechanical expeller which is most conventional way of extracting oil from seeds with mechanical efficiency of 60-80% for single pass. The study includes various combinations of parameters like seed treatment, sun drying, pre-heating, soaking at different temperatures and different de-hulling compositions.