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The status of Toyota's development of low emission concept packages- 1. NOx and HC/CO Catalytic Converter and EGR, 2. Thermal Reactor, NOx and HC/CO Catalytic Converter and EGR and their components is described. Variations of thermal reactor design, performance and durability characteristics are discussed. Above the throttle valve entry EGR has been found to have desirable flow characteristics with a simple control system. EGR rate over 15% brings about unacceptably poor driveability and fuel economy with smaller vehicles. Many types of catalytic converters for pelleted catalysts have been designed and examined for their performance and durability. A down-flow type converter has relatively good flow distribution and warm-up characteristics. As for HC and CO, a few prototype vehicles have met the 1975 Federal Regulation at low mileage, but the 1976 regulation for NOx of 0.4 gm.

The optimization on an engine-three way catalyst-vehicle system for best fuel economy under the constraints of emissions and driveability, has been studied for a smaller passenger car with 1.6 litter 4 cylinder engine. Full utilization of a computer was intended for the accumulation of basic data and a search for optimum calibration. An automatic Engine Test System ( AETS ) was developed. The optimum calibration was calculated for the engine-vehicle system with three-way catalyst based on the optimal control theory, and was implemented on an actual vehicle by an engine controller in which a 16 bits microprocessor was used. The results showed good agreement.