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Emission legislations for the light / medium and heavy duty vehicles are becoming more and more stringent worldwide. Tightening of NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) limits further from Euro III to Euro IV levels has provoked the need of either controlling NOx from the engine measures and use PM control after-treatment devices such as Partial Flow Filters, or, controlling PM from the engine measures and use NOx control devices such as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Manufacturers have adopted different strategies, depending upon the suitability, cost factors, infrastructure development and ease of maintenance of these systems. PM Metalit®, is a partial flow filter, which captures particulates coming out of the exhaust and re-generates on a continuous basis with the help of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in the exhaust.

Year 2000 emission norms for Indian passenger cars, which have been notified requires major changes in the existing technologies being used in the passenger car vehicles on roads. Electronic fuel injection systems and catalytic converters are being used extensively abroad to meet stringent emission regulations. Even in India, major joint ventures in passenger car segment have introduced vehicles with single-point / multi-point fuel injection systems. It has become difficult to meet the mandated emission regulations with the conventional mechanical carburetted vehicles. Automotive Research Association of India alongwith M/s UCAL Fuel Systems has developed an electronic feedback carburettor system to use alongwith catalytic converter for a passenger car to meet the year 2000 emission norms. A closed loop system has been designed and developed which takes the input from a λ-sensor output and controls the additional air added in the intake manifold of the engine through a stepper motor.