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Most automatic transmissions are controlled in compliance with a predetermined program. Transient control during gear shift is also carried out according to a predetermined process. In this method a lot of labor is required to tune data tables. So we developed a tuning free system by feedback control using torque estimation technology and the experimental result is reported. Torque fluctuation during shift is detected and fed back to compare the torque reference, which is generated from the estimated torque itself. The engine torque is decreased by means of retarding the ignition spark advance, according to the comparison deviation. As a consequence of the feedback, the transient torque control is carried out without any tuning trouble, and better than usual torque fluctuation is obtained.

The applicability in adverse environment is essential for an injector for engines to use in motorcycles or power products. In view of that, what was considered most important in the development of this product was the applicability in diversifying environment, which was assumed to become even more adverse in the future. Accordingly developed is the injector that is more corrosion-resistant and waterproof. To improve corrosion resistance, an oxide layer is created by the surface reforming referred to as passivation. To attain steady coating, optimum passivation conditions such as the temperature, time and chemical-substance concentration are selected. Thus, the new injector that can cope with a high-alcohol-content fuel has been developed. To improve water-sealing, the double-resin-molding structure is employed in the coil for better adhesion of resin. The choice of optimum molding conditions ensures better sealing.