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Catalytic performance can be improved by reducing bulk density (BD) and increasing geometric surface area (GSA) of ceramic substrate. Ultra thin-wall / high cell-density ceramic substrates, such as 3 mil/ 600 cpsi and 2 mil/ 900 cpsi have improved the catalytic performance over the conventional 6 mil/ 400 cpsi substrates. and are expected to help in complying with future emission regulations, as well as catalyst down-sizing. This paper describes the effects of BD and GSA using Pd-based catalysts. The significant reduction of hydrocarbons emissions was demonstrated at close-coupled location, and dual bed design was proven effective. The effectiveness at under-floor location was not as significant as the close-coupled location. This paper proposes the converter layout of dual bed close-coupled converter consisting of small volume 2 mill 900 cpsi front catalyst and large volume 3 mil/ 600 cpsi rear catalyst.