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Beginning in model year 1997, BMW introduced an innovative head protection system HPS called the Inflatable Tubular Structure (HPS). Tests indicate that the system dramatically reduces the severity of head impacts in side crashes. This investigation is an evaluation of casualty abatement benefits that are derived from applying injury measures based on the HPS test results to the population in US National Accident Sampling System (NASS/CDS). The results of component and vehicle crash tests are summarized. The procedures for estimating benefits are described along with the benefits in terms of injuries mitigated, maximum injuries to occupants mitigated, and fatalities prevented.

The Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS) is a safety system intended to provide head protection during side-impact car accidents. The ITS is an inflatable device fixed at two points; at the front end, to the A-pillar, and at the aft end, to the roof rail behind the B-pillar. It is stowed over the side window under the trim of the A-pillar and the headliner. At one end, a gas generator is electrically connected to the side-impact crash-sensing system which inflates the ITS when needed. The ITS is fabricated in a unique way so that, upon inflation, its diameter greatly increases and its length correspondingly decreases. This causes the ITS to pull itself out of its stored location over the side window into a straight line between its anchor points. The ITS thereby forms a taut semi-rigid structural member across the window opening.