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The purpose of this research is to investigate the combustion characteristics in the diesel engine, the effect of engine operating parameters on the exhaust emissions, and the relationship between exhaust emissions and the engine deposit formation and composition. A YAMAHA ME200F 3-cylinder DI diesel engine is used in this study. A complex procedure is developed in this research to investigate the deposit formation in the piston and cylinder head and the deposit's physical factor (weight, color, etc.) and chemical composition analyses are also performed. In this study, a complete set of gas analyzer (including NOx, total HC, COx, smoke number, and smoke opacity) is used. After continuous operation of engine under different engine load and speed, the cylinder head is dissembled to allow inspection of deposits on the piston and cylinder head. The deposit is separate into soluble and insoluble fractions for weight analysis.