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Soot formation and oxidation within the cylinder of a divided-chamber diesel engine have been studied experimentally and predicted analytically using a diesel combustion model. Experimental measurements of in-cylinder particle concentration were made using a unique sampling system which samples and quenches nearly the entire contents of the cylinder on a time scale of less than 1 ms. The experimental measurements are compared with predictions made using a stochastic combustion model coupled to an Arrhenius-type soot formation model, and 02 and OH soot oxidation models. Five engine conditions: low-load standard-timing (base case), high-load standard-timing, low-load advanced-timing, low-load standard-timing + EGR, and low-load standard-timing + 02, were examined experimentally, but only the first three were modeled.