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While the ZEV program's electric vehicles did not become successful market-driven products, many of the technical advantages of electric vehicles were validated by enthusiastic California consumers. Yet, battery technology has been and continues to be the limiting factor in terms of cost, functionality (range) and durability of EV systems. The automotive industry has largely moved on to research and development of other approaches to extremely low emissions and reduced fossil fuel consumption. PZEV gasoline vehicles, Hybrid electric vehicles, clean (EPA Tier 2) diesel vehicles and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are the focus of attention. The purpose of this paper is to explore another possible solution: a battery electric vehicle with a relatively small fuel cell auxiliary power unit (APU) to recharge the battery pack during driving.