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Isuzu Motors Ltd. & Jidosha Buhin Kogyo Co., Ltd. have newly developed 1.0 & 1.4 lit direct injection 3 cylinder diesel engines, named K-Series, for industrial application. The 1.0 lit engine is one of the smallest displacement class per cylinder in vertical water-cooled DI engine category. Design concept is to improve said disadvantage of DI such as white smoke, black smoke, and noise level, involving the original characteristics of DI such as high output, low fuel consumption, and easy startability. Those characteristics are incompatible factors, therefore our development efforts have been concentrated to optimize the combustion system. These concept has been achieved by adoption of relatively high compression ratio, square cavity combustion chamber with squish lip, high effective volume ratio, high induction swirl, and matching of fuel injection system.