Search Results

Over the past decade, society’s concern for the state of the environment has increased. Several actions have been taken by governments, non-governmental organizations, public and private environmental and health agencies to limit pollutant emissions. Within this context, the control of vehicle emissions has become increasingly stringent. Emission limits have been substantially reduced, and the role of unregulated emissions is increasing in importance. Ammonia is the third most abundant nitrogen compound in the atmosphere. Ammonia emissions have received special attention due to their contribution to secondary particulate matter production in the forms of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of fuel sulfur content on ammonia emissions in a Euro III motorcycle.

This paper reports and compares the performance of five motorcycles, four of them powered by Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and one by an Electric Engine (EE). The power grade of those vehicles represents more than 80% of Brazilian motorcycle fleet. Motorcycles are submitted to standard routines, in accordance with regulations established by PROMOT (Control of Air Pollution for Motorcycles and Similar Vehicles). Main output parameters allowed for the assessment of their energy performance in respect to the energy source, followed by their greenhouse gases emission potential due to CO2, CH4 and N2O. The paper presents regulated emissions results for CO, THC and NOx, provided by EE and ICE engines. Different ICE motorcycles are tested, and fueled by a range of ethanol/gasoline contents from 22 to 100%, allowing to analyze the influence of the renewable biofuel on the motorcycle energetic efficiency and emissions.