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The control of transient emissions from turbocharged diesel engines remains an important objective to manufacturers, since newly produced engines must meet the stringent criteria concerning exhaust emissions levels as dictated by the legislated Transient Cycles. In the present work, experimental tests are conducted on a medium-duty, turbocharged and after-cooled diesel engine in order to investigate the behavior and formation mechanism of nitric oxide (NO), smoke and combustion noise emissions under various transient operating schedules including acceleration, load change and starting. To this aim, a fully instrumented test bed was set up in order to record and research key engine and turbocharger variables during the transient events. The main parameters measured were nitric oxide concentration and smoke opacity (both using ultra-fast response analyzers) as well as combustion noise.