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This paper determines the number of in-flight icing accidents and incidents, which can be attributed to tailplane icing. The paper also shows that pneumatic de-icing boots suffer from significant numbers of in-flight failures and poor levels of unscheduled maintenance. The possibility of retrofitting an improved ice protection system to the tailplane of a generic turboprop powered commuter aircraft is then investigated. A range of alternative ice protection systems are evaluated and the effects of retrofitting an Electro-Expulsive De-Icing System (EEDS) are evaluated in terms of changes to aircraft performance, variable direct operating and delay costs.

This paper relates to the design and development of a multi-modal UAV capable of aerial flight and underwater propulsion. A novel hybrid propulsion system has been manufactured and tested. Consisting of folding blades, the propeller has been optimized for propulsion both in air and water. The critical water to air transition phase is achieved by an additional impulsive thruster powered by a C02 cartridge. To decrease the drag in underwater cruise and reduce the potential damage when the vehicle impacts the water, a morphing wing has been developed. This consists of foam-carbon fiber lay-up constructed wings in a variable sweep configuration. The actuation of the sweep is achieved by linear servos mounted on the sleeve shaped spar. An integrated prototype is constructed, using an unconventional, anhedral horizontal stabilizers to allow clearance for the morphing wing.