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The results of an investigation of the influence of the sulphur fuel content and different dilution techniques on fine particulate emissions are reported in this paper. Fuels with two different sulphur contents (<10 ppm and approx. 200 ppm) were used for a Diesel and a gasoline vehicle in order to compare four different dilution procedures. These comprised the standard CVS tunnel and two pre-heated and one non-heated direct dilution systems. Various particulate measurement instruments were employed simultaneously, including SMPS, CPC, and ELPI for number and size, the standard gravimetric filter method for mass. In addition, Soxhlet extraction for chemical composition was carried out. A higher fuel sulphur content was found to clearly increase particulate emissions from the Diesel and the gasoline vehicle for higher load. The increase in emissions was due to the contribution of condensed material and most of it could be clearly brought into relation with to sulphur compounds.

The results of an investigation on PM emissions over an extended range of engine technologies are reported in this paper. These included modern Diesel vehicles, a particle trap equipped Diesel vehicle, a port-injected gasoline vehicle and direct injection gasoline vehicles. Various particulate measurement instruments were employed simultaneously, including SMPS, CPC, ELPI, for number and size and the standard gravimetric filter method for mass. Soxhlet extraction was applied to determine the chemical composition. The particle emissions showed a wide range in concentration for the different vehicles. The particle concentration of the port-injected gasoline vehicle and the trap-equipped Diesel vehicle were observed at background level.