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Schlieren and direct cine photography have been used in conjunction with the gas sampling method to investigate three dimensional combustion phenomena in a DI diesel engine cylinder. Gas movement, dispersion of fuel-air mixture after fuel impingement on the cavity wall and the combustion process under continuous running conditions were observed. Gas concentrations of NOx, THC, CO, CO2, O2, H2 and decomposed hydrocarbons were analyzed. The distribution of equivalent fuel concentration and the decomposition process of fuel are presented. Air swirl accelerates the homogeneity of fuel-air mixture after spray impingement on the cavity wall. It is concluded that a combined measurement by photography and gas sampling method is a useful one to combustion study of diesel engines.