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Worldwide concern about combustion chamber deposits (CCDs) has increased from the viewpoint of fuel and additives technology, which has been developed for the cleaning of intake valve deposits (IVDs), intake port deposits and injector deposits. The research effort described here, focused on the differences between CCDs and IVDs in terms of quality based on analyses of CCDs and IVDs collected from used vehicles from the Japanese market. The CCDs and IVDs were characterized according to weight, benzene-solubles and sulfated ash. Since the sulfated ash in CCDs is a key to understanding the effect of engine oil on CCD formation, the relationship between CCDs and the sulfated ash in CCDs was evaluated under the two typical conditions on a 2.0L engine testing bench. Based on the results, the gasoline-related and oil-related factors were estimated for these conditions. Moreover, the effect of CCDs on exhaust emissions was investigated in a 2.2L vehicle.