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In order to clarify the trend of PM emission characteristic caused by fuel change, we propose a fundamental flame research method using a small pool flame system. Characteristics such as size distribution and formation rate of PM from laminar diffusion flames of gasoline fuels (JIS No.1 and No.2) were investigated by an electric microbalance and a SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer). PM exhaust from flame of surrogate gasoline fuels and hydrocarbon fuels of various chemical structures were also measured. As the result, it was found that both of exhaust-PM concentration and PM number peak size increased with increasing of alkene and aromatic compositions in fuel.

Characteristics of PM and its compositions inside and outside of flame were required to develop reduction technologies for combustion origin PM. In this paper, relationship between PM size distribution and compositions such as soot and soluble organic fraction (SOF) of PM sampled with filter were investigated. Number distributions of PM (30 nm-10 μm) were measured using an ELPI (Electrical Low Pressure Impactor). Dry-soot and SOF in PM that was captured an individual stage of ELPI were analyzed using a combustion type PM analyzer (MEXA-1370PM). It was clarified that nuclei mode particle included more SOF than accumulation mode particle. PM characterization showed that there were many differences between in-flame PM and out-flame PM. In-flame PM contained much of low boiling point SOF and dry-soot composition was thermally unstable. Further, similarities between SOF in PM sampled with filter and gaseous hydrocarbons passing through PM filter were discussed.