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This information report is intended to give general data on the properties of aluminum and information on working, joining, forming, machining, finishing, and heat treating of aluminum.

This information report is intended to give general data on the properties of aluminum and information on working, joining, forming, machining, finishing, and heat treating of aluminum.

The information in this report covers data relating to SAE J438, Tool and Die Steels, and is intended as a guide to the selection of the steel best suited for the intended purpose and to provide recommended heat treatments and other data pertinent to their use. Specific requirements as to physical properties are not included because the majority of tool and die steels are either worked or given special heat treatments by the purchaser. The purchaser may or may not elect to use the accompanying data for specification purposes.

The information in this report covers data relating to SAE J438, Tool and Die Steels, and is intended as a guide to the selection of the steel best suited for the intended purpose and to provide recommended heat treatments and other data pertinent to their use. Specific requirements as to physical properties are not included because the majority of tool and die steels are either worked or given special heat treatments by the purchaser. The purchaser may or may not elect to use the accompanying data for specification purposes.

(These definitions were prepared by the Joint Committee on Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment appointed by the American Society for Testing and Materials, The American Society for Metals, the American Foundrymen's Association, and the SAE.) This SAE revision emphasizes the terms used in heat treating ferrous alloys, but also includes for reference some non-ferrous definitions at the end of the document. This glossary is not intended to be a specification, and it should not be interpreted as such. Since this is intended to be strictly a set of definitions, temperatures have been omitted purposely.

(These definitions were prepared by the Joint Committee on Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment appointed by the American Society for Testing and Materials, The American Society for Metals, the American Foundrymen's Association, and the SAE.) This SAE revision emphasizes the terms used in heat treating ferrous alloys, but also includes for reference some non-ferrous definitions at the end of the document. This glossary is not intended to be a specification, and it should not be interpreted as such. Since this is intended to be strictly a set of definitions, temperatures have been omitted purposely.

This standard1 describes the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for a wide range of wrought copper and copper alloys used in the automotive and related industries.

This standard1 describes the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for a wide range of wrought copper and copper alloys used in the automotive and related industries.

The data given in Tables 1–4 are typical values only and are not intended for design parameters. Mechanical properties of the special purpose alloys depend greatly upon processing variables and heat treatment. It is recommended that design data be obtained by actual testing or by consultation with the producers of the alloys.

The figures in this SAE Information Report illustrate the principle that, regardless of composition, steels of the same cross-sectional hardness produced by tempering after through hardening will have approximately the same longitudinal1 tensile strength at room temperature. Figure 1 shows the relation between hardness and longitudinal tensile strength of 0.30 to 0.50% carbon steels in the fully hardened and tempered, as rolled, normalized, and annealed conditions. Figure 2 showing the relation between longitudinal tensile strength and yield strength, and Figure 3 illustrating longitudinal tensile strength versus reduction of area, are typical of steels in the quenched and tempered condition. Figure 3 shows the direct relationship between ductility and hardness and illustrates the fact that the reduction of area decreases as hardness increases, and that, for a given hardness, the reduction of area is generally higher for alloy steels than for plain carbon steels.

This report covers the recommended practice for the evaluation and measurement of decarburization in ferrous material. Included are definitions of types with charts and micrographs and methods most commonly used for the measurement of decarburization.

This report covers the recommended practice for the evaluation and measurement of decarburization in ferrous material. Included are definitions of types with charts and micrographs and methods most commonly used for the measurement of decarburization.

This recommended microscopic practice for evaluating the inclusion content in steel has been developed as a practical method of quantitatively determining the degree of cleanliness of steel. This method has been established as a reasonable control for steel mill operations and acceptance for production manufacturing. It has been widely accepted for carbon and alloy steel bars, billets, and slabs. Exceptions are resulfurized grades which are outside the limits of these photomicrographs and the high carbon bearing quality steels which are generally classified using ASTM E 45-60T, Method A, Jernkontoret Charts.

Case hardening may be defined as a process for hardening a ferrous material in such a manner that the surface layer, known as the case, is substantially harder than the remaining material, known as the core. The process embraces carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, cyaniding, induction, and flame hardening. In every instance, chemical composition, mechanical properties, or both are affected by such practice. This testing procedure describes various methods for measuring the depth to which change has been made in either chemical composition or mechanical properties. Each procedure has its own area of application established through proved practice, and no single method is advocated for all purposes. Methods employed for determining the depth of case are either chemical, mechanical, or visual, and the specimens or parts may be subjected to the described test either in the soft or hardened condition.