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A new technologies for manufacturing of engine valve seats have been developed. This process, different from the conventional method that valve seats made of sintered alloy were press-fit into the cylinder head, is directly formed valve seats onto cylinder head by using the laser cladding technique. In order to develope the cylinder head with laser cladding valve seats, the laser cladding technology by which copper based alloy is deposited onto aluminum alloy with little dilution and stable bead has been established. And the unique cladding alloy, which is two phases in the liquid stage and in which iron or molybdenum rich hard particles are dispersed in the solid state, has been developed. Based on this technique, the practical process has been successfully completed.

The New U.S. Evaporative Emission Regulations, which set forth the level of hydrocarbon evaporation generated from vehicles, have been applied in the industry since 1994. In order to meet the Regulations, the filler hose is required to be made for a one tenth of the gasoline permeability of that for conventional filler hose, without design change. The fuel filler hose must also provide a flexible configuration, such as a bellowed or a complicatedly curved shape In order to cope with the problems above, the Author, et al, have successfully developed A LOW PERMEATION FUEL FILLER HOSE which has a high freedom of configuration. During the first stage of development, the Author, et al, developed a hose of 2-layer structure using FKM rubber for inner layer as the permeation barrier, which is applicable in the bellow shape, by means of a unique molding technique.