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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of tire operating conditions, such as the tire inflation pressure, speed, and load on the change of the first mode of vibration. A wide base FEA tire (445/50R22.5) is virtually tested on a 2.5m diameter circular drum with a 10mm cleat using PAM-Crash code. The varying parameters are altered separately and are as follows: inflation pressure, varying from 50 psi to 165 psi, rotational speed, changing from 20 km/h to 100 km/h, and the applied load will fluctuate from 1,500 lbs. to 9000 lbs. Through a comparison of previous literature, the PAM-Crash FFT algorithmic results have been validated.

Off-road vehicle performance of a multi-wheeled 8×8 combat vehicle is strongly affected by the tire-terrain interaction characteristics. Soft soil reduces traction and modifies vehicle handling; therefore tire dynamics play a strong role in off-road mobility evaluation. In this paper three-dimensional, non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) off-road tire models are developed using PAM-CRASH and the general trends of vertical load-deflection, cornering characteristics and aligning moment on rigid terrains are predicted and compared with published, measured data of a similar tire for validation purposes. The FEA off-road tire models are used to investigate the multi-pass behavior of the wheels running and steering on soft terrain. The steering characteristics of the multi-wheels are also predicted for the purpose of the development of tire-soft soil empirical equations for future research work.

This work investigates the steering and wheel speed control of a completely custom built 8x8 scaled electric combat vehicle (SECV) which has been constructed to meet the Ackermann condition at low speeds. During remote control operation the scaled vehicle is capable of continuously maintaining and varying the individual wheel speed and individual wheel steering angles of all eight wheels in real time. Several steering scenarios have been developed including traditional (front 2-axle steering), fixed third axle (first, second and fourth axle steering), all wheel steering and crab steering (all wheels are parallel with same steering angle). The traditional, two axle steering scenario is experimentally tested for accuracy in this work with planned future research for experimental analysis of the other steering configurations. This work is conducted using Arduino software to control the physical SECV and TruckSim software to simulate the dynamics of the vehicle.

This paper investigates the impact of tread design on the tire-terrain interaction of two similar-sized truck tires with distinctly different tread designs running over various terrains and operating conditions using advanced computation techniques. The two truck tires used in the research are off-road tires sized 315/80R22.5 wide which were designed through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The truck tire models were validated in static and dynamic domains using several simulation tests and measured data. The terrain includes a flooded surface and a snowed surface which were modelled using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique and calibrated using pressure-sinkage and direct shear tests. Both truck tire models were subjected to rolling resistance and cornering tests over the various flooded surface and snowed surface terrain conditions on the PAM-CRASH software.

This paper presents the modelling, calibration and sensitivity analysis of LETE sand soil using Visual Environment’s Pam Crash. LETE sand is modelled and converted from Finite Element Analysis mesh (FEA) to Smooth-particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The sand is then calibrated using terramechanics published data by simulating a pressure sinkage test and shear box test using the SPH LETE sand particles. The material properties such as tangent modulus, yield strength and bulk modulus are configured so the simulation’s results match those of theoretical values. Sensitivity analysis of the calibrated LETE sand material is then investigated. The sensitivity analysis includes mesh size, plate geometry, smoothing length, max smoothing length, artificial viscosity and contact thickness. The effect of these parameters on the sand behavior is analyzed.

The purpose of this research paper is to outline the procedure behind the parameter population of a wide-base rigid ring model. A rigid ring model is a mathematical representation of a highly non-linear FEA tire model that incorporates the characteristics and behaviour of a known physical tire. The rigid ring model parameters are determined using carefully designed virtual scenarios which will isolate for the parameter in question. Once all of the parameters have been calculated, for in-plane as well as out-of-plane parameters, a full rigid ring model can be populated. This model can also be modified to accommodate for a tire model simulated running over soft soils if necessary. For the purpose of this research however, the soft soil parameters were not determined. Once the rigid ring model is complete, the parameters can be used in a highly simplified virtual model to replicate the known behaviour of the tire but reduce the overall complexity of the full vehicle model.

This paper proposes an active chassis control strategy for an Eight-wheel drive/Four-wheel steering (8WD/4WS) combat vehicle, where only the first and second axles’ wheels are steerable, while the third and fourth axles’ wheels are non-steerable. Utilizing torque vectoring and differential braking control to improve its lateral dynamics at limit handling. Due to the non-linear characteristics of the tires and its friction limit, the vehicle may exhibit instable behavior during cornering maneuvers. It is well known that the tire longitudinal and lateral forces are shared, if longitudinal forces increased, slip ratio will increase and causing reduction in lateral forces that may cause the vehicle to drift out or spinning. Accordingly, the tires forces need to be optimally distributed based on vertical loads for each tire to prevent it from reaching the friction limit based on Friction Ellipse Theorem.

Slip or relative rotation between the tire and rim is a significant concern for vehicle operation and wheel manufacturing since it leads to wheel imbalance and vibration as well as power losses. A slip situation typically occurs due to improper bead lubrication and mounting, irregularities in the bead seat, and extreme loading conditions with high torques and low tire pressures. Currently, there are relatively few published studies on the tire-rim interface, and they mainly focus on topics such as the mounting process, load transfer, and friction modelling. This leaves a gap to explore the measurement and variation of gross tire-rim slip under the dynamic conditions of a driven tire. In this paper, a previously developed and validated FEA truck tire model was modified to include a frictional contact surface between the tire and rim, and then the slip ratio between the tire and rim was measured under different operating conditions.

This paper investigates the tire-road interaction for tires equipped with two different solid rubber material definitions within a Finite Element Analysis virtual environment, ESI PAMCRASH. A Mixed Service Drive truck tire sized 315/80R22.5 is designed with two different solid rubber material definitions: a legacy hyperelastic solid Mooney-Rivlin material definition and an Ogden hyperelastic solid material definition. The popular Mooney-Rivlin is a material definition for solid rubber simulation that is not built with element elimination and is not easily applicable to thermal applications. The Ogden hyperelastic material definition for rubber simulations allows for element destruction. Therefore, it is of interest and more suited for designing a tire model with wear and thermal capabilities.