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Through the joint efforts of BKM, SPI, AFS and Belarus, an advanced, all- electronic dual fuel system has been developed for retrofit applications on the Belarus D-144, four-cylinder, 4.15 liter, 44.7 KW diesel engine. The system features all electronic control on both full diesel or up to 90 % gas with automatic and instant changeover capability. The existing mechanical diesel injection system was replaced with an all electronic, hydraulically actuated, diesel injection system coupled with timed multi-point electronic injection for the gas system. The control strategy does not utilize inlet throttling typically used on gas fueled engines. The effectiveness of this simplified control system is assumed to be the result of a degree of charge stratification. The D-144 engine is utilized in a wide variety of industrial, farm and highway applications. Special application requirements can be accommodated by programming the EPROM control chip.

This paper addresses both the generation of various injection rate shapes using the accumulator type electronic injector, and their effects on engine combustion and sound level performance as recorded by a 500,000 sample-per-second PC board Engine Analyzer. An advanced hydro-electronic unit injector has been developed by BKM to offer a wide range of readily adjustable injection rate shapes to match a particular engine combustion configuration. The system is adaptable to both fixed (passive) rate shaping and active on-line optimization with electronically adjustable injection timing, fuel quantity, and injection rate. The effects of a range of injection rate shapes on fuel economy, exhaust emission, heat release rate, and noise level are readily available and properly documented within a few minutes of the engine running.

A new method for direct cylinder injection for two-stroke cycle engines is described. The technique utilizes simple hole type nozzles, accumulator injectors, medium pressure (100 bar), pressure metering, and full electronic controls. The objectives of the system are to accomplish, in a single injection, the four essentials of effective fuel injection (a) metered quantity of fuel, (b) desired spatial distribution, (c) timing of injection, (d) complete vaporization prior to the start of combustion. Special techniques such as “cloud-stratified charge” and “skip-fire” are discussed as well as the special design features of the components and control systems. Data presented include details of spray formation and engine performance with dramatic reduction in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.