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Owing to the great interest in biodiesel fuels around the world, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India has sponsored this research work to study the performance and emission characteristics of Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) and Diesel-JME-Ethanol hybrid fuel blends in a direct injection diesel engine. Detailed experiments are carried out in a single cylinder CI diesel engine to study the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of JME and hybrid fuel blends. The results reveal that 100% JME can be used as a complete replacement fuel for fossil diesel. A slight increase in BTE, considerable reduction in NOx emissions and moderate smoke reduction at all loads were observed for the hybrid fuel blends. With suitable surfactants ethanol can be blended up to 15% in diesel - biodiesel fuel blends to fuel existing CI engines without any hardware modifications to reduce engine out emissions.

Alternative fuels are gaining acceptance globally because of the limited availability of petroleum resources and the stringent environmental pollution regulations. Since compression ignition engines are more widely used when compared to spark ignition engines, greater attention is being paid to develop an alternative source of fuel for the diesel engines. In the present investigation, hybrid fuel blends of diesel-ethanol-vegetable oil (pungamia methyl ester) are selected for testing in a multi-cylinder transport bus engine (HINO-6D) and its suitability as an alternative fuel is studied. Different combinations of the hybrid fuel blends are prepared and tested. Chemical surfactants are used to overcome the problem of phase separation of alcohol. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine operated with hybrid fuel blends are calculated and found to be slightly higher than that of diesel. The smoke and oxides of nitrogen are found to be reduced while using hybrid fuel blends as fuel.

The performance of the engine using fuels from bio origin to diesel and the limited availability of the fossil fuel leads to an increasing attention to the former. As for as India is concerned ethanol and methyl esters of the vegetable oils are the promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. In the present investigation, the effect of hybrid fuel blends comprising diesel-ethanol- vegetable oil (methyl esters of pungamia oil) in a multi cylinder, naturally aspirated, direct injection diesel engine is studied in terms of their performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Compared with the engine operated on diesel fuel. The combustion parameters such as peak cylinder pressure, angle of maximum pressure, delay period, cumulative heat release, heat release rate, rate of pressure rise, combustion duration, angle of 5%, 10%, 50% and 90% mass burned and Indicative Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) are also calculated and compared.