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As part of determining the circumstances of a crash, sometimes components or component assemblies are evaluated to identify if they were damaged as a result of the crash or if they lost function prior to the crash. What role the loss of function may have contributed to the crash is useful in determining if they lost function prior to the crash. The causes and conditions for a brake rotor hub separation from the spindle of a vehicle with tapered roller bearing designs are analyzed through both component level testing and full vehicle testing. Laboratory tests were performed on component assemblies where loads were applied to the wheel assembly and the residual damage to the components was documented. In addition, full vehicle testing was conducted to evaluate the effects of a hub and rotor separation on vehicle control and to document evidence on the components. Real world case studies of hub and rotor separations are presented.

The documented availability of electronic stability control (ESC) systems on passenger vehicles is useful in understanding the integration of ESC technology into the North American automobile market. Unfortunately, the sources that document ESC system availability are not always consistent with each other and many show discrepancies with information from the manufacturers. In this study, the history of the implementation of ESC systems in passenger vehicles is reported based on information combined from several different organizations including the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), Ward's Auto World, and Consumers Reports. Where discrepancies exist between these different sources of data, clarification was gained through further research of information available from the manufacturer, including corporate press releases, owner manuals, and vehicle brochures.