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The proposed manufacturing scheme imposes various process constraints on the uncured adhesive, while the cured adhesive joints must also be durable under load in warm, wet environments. These requirements are together satisfied by only one class of adhesives, namely the single part epoxies, and are only satisfied by careful matching of adhesive and metal surface pretreatment. The stiffness of the cured adhesive is a less quantifiable requirement; it determines both the impact strength at low temperature and the creep limit in shear at high temperature. These properties must be balanced to give the bonded vehicle structure long-term integrity.