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Two finite element methodologies for simulating oil-canning tests on closure assemblies are presented. Reflecting the experimental conditions, the simulation methodologies assume load-controlled situations. One methodology uses an implicit finite-element code, namely ABAQUS®, and the other uses an explicit code, LS-DYNA®. It is shown that load-displacement behavior predicted by both the implicit and explicit codes agree well with experimental observations of oil-canning in a hood assembly. The small residual dent depth predictions are in line with experimental observations. The method using the implicit code, however, yields lower residual dent depth than that using the explicit code. Because the absolute values of the residual dent depths are small in the cases examined, more work is needed, using examples involving larger residual dent depth, to clearly distinguish between the two procedures.

A finite element program based on the nonlinear shell theory, membrane plus bending, and the flow theory of plasticity has been developed to analyze stresses and deformation during the three stages of the stretch-draw forming process. A surface contact problem with friction is formulated in this paper and solved by means of the developed program. It is applied to two actual body outer-panels in this paper to demonstrate the capability and features of the program. Computing time for an overall analysis of these three forming stages of the stretch-draw forming process is reasonable. Therefore, it is practical to use this program for evaluation of design of the forming process.