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The automotive industry needs a substantial revolution. It is necessary to replace conventional vehicles, equipped with highly polluting and very inefficient Internal Combustion Engines (if compared with the high efficiency of Electrical Motors), with clean, efficient electric vehicles (Zero Emission Vehicles). The electrical vehicles do not produce pollution and are characterized by high efficiency values (about 0.8) respect to ICE (about 0.27). In the transition from vehicles equipped with only ICE, to purely electrical vehicles, a fundamental step is represented by HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicles). This paper shows the development, the validation and the use of a numerical code for hybrid vehicle simulation. A quasi-static “backward” simulation code was developed and implemented for an ISA (Integrated Starter Alternator) configuration vehicle. The Willans line approach was implemented to create the HEV model.

One of the most important challenges in the design of a hybrid vehicle is the choice of the best control strategy for energy management. This work analyzes and discusses five different rules-based strategies. The authors' main targets were to understand how each strategy acts on the power split and how the operation points of both the Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Motor vary on efficiency maps. So, a critical review was produced of the strengths and weakness of different strategies found in scientific literature and out of it grew two new control plans.