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This experimental work investigates the possibility of reducing the lubricating oil impact on diesel exhaust emissions, particularly concerning the particulate matter, by means of a three-stage experimentation on a Hydra Diesel research engine. The influence of the physical characteristics of the oil was evaluated in the first stage. The results showed that the use of low viscosity oils leads to a better mechanical efficiency and a lower specific fuel consumption than high viscosity oils in the examined viscosity range. Emission tests at a high constant load showed a higher Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) for low viscosity oils compared to high viscosity ones, due to a lesser fuel consumption. As CO, Particulate emissions and smoke are greatly affected by AFR at high load, a decrease of these emissions occurs moving towards low viscosity oils. The influence of the chemical characteristics of the oil was evaluated in the second stage.