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The effects of injection system design, air/fuel ratio, coolant temperature and fuel volatility on engine-out hydrocarbon emissions, NOx emissions and cyclic variability have been studied in a prototype 1.8l lean-burn SI engine. The results have been compared with ILIDS measurements of in-cylinder spray characteristics made under similar conditions, to establish the degree to which variations in fuel spray formation correlate with engine performance. The lean-burn engine and the methodology of the combined study are described. The engine was found to exhibit a different behaviour when running lean compared to stoichiometric. When running lean, there was a negative correlation between steady-state engine-out NOx emissions and cyclic variability (COV of IMEP), and a positive correlation between steady-state engine-out hydrocarbon emissions and cyclic variability.

The effects of injection system design, air/fuel ratio, coolant temperature and fuel volatility on engine-out hydrocarbon emissions, NOx emissions and cyclic variability have been studied in a prototype 1.8l lean-burn SI engine. The results have been compared with ILIDS measurements of in-cylinder spray characteristics made under similar conditions, to establish the degree to which variations in fuel spray formation affect engine performance. The engine was found to exhibit a different behaviour when running lean compared to stoichiometric. In lean-burn operation, there was a clear tendency for the best performance to occur under operating conditions which produced charge stratification in the cylinder, whereas when the engine was run with a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, the best performance was achieved under engine operating conditions which gave the most homogeneous charge in-cylinder.