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Only a limited understanding of the oil consumption mechanism appears to exist, especially oil consumption under transient engine operating conditions. This is probably due to the difficulty in engine instrumentation for measuring not only oil consumption, but also for measuring the associated in-cylinder variables. Because of this difficulty, a relatively large number of experiments and tests are often necessary for the development of each engine design in order to achieve the target oil consumption that meets the requirements for particulate emissions standards, oil economy, and engine reliability and durability. Increased understanding and logical approaches are believed to be necessary in developing the oil-consumption reduction technology that effectively and efficiently accomplishes the tasks of low oil-consumption engine development.

A loop-scavenged, two-stroke, spark-assisted DI diesel engine was developed by modifying an outboard marine gasoline engine to operate on diesel fuel with high fuel efficiency similar to a diesel engine, yet retain the two-stroke engine advantages of low cost, light weight, and high power-to-weight ratio. Engine modification was concentrated in the area of the combustion system, including transfer port design to generate air swirl in the cylinder, and combustion chamber design to generate air squish and turbulence. Bore and stroke (84 × 72 mm) remained the same as those of the base engine. The experimental engine used the production engine's piston, crankshaft, connecting rod, bearings, and cylinder block. The transfer port design was optimized using a flow test bench for best swirl and air flow pattern with a simple flow visualization technique. The best combustion chamber geometry, compression ratio, and fuel injection spray pattern were determined through engine experiments.