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The combination of electrical engines with solar arrays, well shielded against radiation long-term LSS, and remote control robot-manipulator system named “Space Rover” is shown to be very promising tool for space exploration. General parameters of space ship based on already developed components, and parameters of flight are considered. Optimal structure of hybrid LSS for middle space range space missions is calculated. As optimization criteria minimum mass and maximum reliability are chosen. Combinations of biological and physical-chemical components are evaluated. It is shown that namely hybrid LSS provide the highest level of reliability and the best mass parameters.

Different versions of lunar base Biological LSS (BLSS) are optimized, compared and discussed in terms of two criteria: well known criterion of minimal accumulated mass and the criterion of integral reliability which takes into account LSS reliability, LSS mass, the quality of human life, some aspects of lunar base servicing. In the paper different types of BLSS for lunar base are considered: LSS with hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria; LSS with micro-algae; LSS with higher plants. The influence of different power source usage on optimal BLSS structure is also investigated. The parameters of lunar base BLSS based on present level of closure technology are calculated.

To investigate LSS an EXCEL Spreadsheet is designed. The spreadsheet consists of data on two different LSS types: biological and physico-chemical. Biological LSS include those based on hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, microalgae, higher plants, higher plants and mushrooms, and higher plants with physical/chemical incineration of wastes. Simulations using this spreadsheet, showed that LSS with higher plants realize different structure of LSS (ratio of biological species, their mass, etc.) with different operation time. Thus, the system with higher plants has been found to have three different structures if incineration is used and six structures in opposite case. In the case of a vegetarian diet, 100% closure can be obtained.