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The contact behavior between camshaft and follower is effected by pressure, lubrication and temperature. Regarding the camshaft, steel is the usual material for Heavy Duty Diesel engines, but also chilled ductile iron can be applied. There is a greater variety in design and material of the follower. For gliding contact chilled cast iron tappets offer an optimal compromise between performance and price; for higher loading, steel is a suitable material. A roller-tappet is required for maximum load conditions; if gliding contact is essential, carbide metal plated steel tappets can be used. Important design features for the roller tappet are concerning the pushrod pan, the roller chamber, the bearing between roller and pin and the prevention of twisting.

In 1990 the Ministry of Research and Technology in the FRG proposed a comprehensive concept to sponsor biotechnical and energetical use of agricultural materials. Within this concept various modern Diesel engines have been investigated with respect to performance, fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and durability characteristics using neat (100%) rapeseed oil as fuel. Energy consumption and engine performance are similar to operation with Diesel fuel, exhaust emissions are higher with rapeseed oil. Diesel engines with divided combustion chambers and big cylinder units are suited for continuous operation with rapeseed oil.