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In recent years various parties have proposed new evaporative emission test procedures focused on controlling “excess” evaporative emissions, on hot “ozone prone” days. Studies by General Motors established the need for real-time measurements of daily emissions from parked vehicles and of “running losses” from vehicles that are driven to quantify and control the mobile source contribution to VOC inventory. “Resting losses” are shown to be a previously unidentified major source of hydrocarbon emissions. This paper describes the theories, data and development of GM's Real-Time Test Procedure.