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This work investigates the effect of a three-way catalytic converter and sampling dilution ratio on nano-scale exhaust particulate matter emissions from a gasoline direct-injection engine during cold-start and warm-up transients. Experimental results are presented from a four cylinder in-line, four stroke, wall-guided direct-injection, turbo-charged and inter-cooled 1.6 litre gasoline engine. A fast-response particulate spectrometer for exhaust nano-particle measurement up to 1000 nm was utilised. It was observed that the three-way catalytic converter had a significant effect on particle number density, reducing the total particle number by up to 65 % over the duration of the cold-start test. The greatest change in particle number density occurred for particles less than 23 nm diameter, with reductions of up to 95 % being observed, whilst the number density for particles above 50 nm diameter exhibited a significant increase.

This work investigates the effect of engine operating conditions and exhaust sampling conditions (i.e. dilution ratio) on engine-out, nano-scale, particulate matter emissions from a gasoline direct-injection engine during cold-start and warm-up transients. The engine used for this research was an in-line four cylinder, four stroke, wall-guided direct-injection, turbo-charged and inter-cooled 1.6 l gasoline engine. A fast-response particulate spectrometer for exhaust nano-particle measurement up to 1000 nm was utilized, along with a spark-plug mounted pressure transducer for combustion analysis. It was observed that the total particle count decreases during the cold-start transient, and has a distinct relationship with the engine body temperature. Tests have shown that the engine body temperature may be used as a control strategy for engine-out particulate emissions.