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Dual Clutch Automatic Transmission (DCT) has the characteristics of light weight, fast shift speed and high transmission efficiency. Electric vehicles equipped with dual clutch transmission can effectively improve vehicle power performance and economy. Electro-hydraulic control system, as a key component of transmission, determines the quality of shift. In this paper, an electro - hydraulic control system is designed based on two - speed dry dual clutch transmission of electric vehicle. Firstly, the hydraulic components of the system were selected and calculated based on the vehicle parameters. Secondly, the electro-hydraulic control system of the dual clutch transmission was established according to the transmission control strategy and the matching hydraulic valve body assembly was designed. Then, the key components of the system were simulated to analyze their dynamic shift characteristics and response characteristics.

This report describes tests of a fuel additive in a medium-duty, high-swirl, direct-injection diesel engine. The additive was found to have little influence on general combustion performance or on NOx emissions. On the other hand, it had a profound effect on particulate emissions. This was most clear under high load where particle emissions are highest. Here, when the engine was switched from running on the base fuel to the additive treated fuel, particle emissions at first increased and then fell to levels about 40% lower (by particle volume) than those initially produced by the base fuel. The additive had a long lasting effect. After running with the additive for about 25 hours, emission levels with the base fuel were only slightly higher than those with the additive treated fuel. We believe that the additive action is associated with a combination of cleaning and surface conditioning. More work should be done to understand the relative importance of these two mechanisms.

Low emission heavy-duty diesel engines are increasingly utilizing four-valve designs with vertical central injectors. However, two-valve DI diesel engines with inclined injectors offset from the centerline of the piston bowl are likely to continue to be used in medium and light duty applications for some time. In such situations, designing of the hole-type nozzle is very difficult and may cause unavoidable back-drilling problems. The purpose of this paper is to solve back-drilling problems connected with hole-type nozzles and improve fuel-air mixing which leads to more efficient combustion. Based on geometric considerations, this paper introduces single-cone hole-type nozzles, double-cone hole-type nozzles, and the critical principal angles for hole-type nozzles. The single-cone hole-type nozzles and double-cone hole-type nozzles can meet requirements for height of the spray impingement points and spray orifice distribution angle at the same time.

Because of the advantages of excellent power, fuel economy and zero-emission characteristics, electric buses have been used widely as cities’ short-range commuter vehicles. However, the high-frequency noise becomes more prominent for the powertrain system of the electric bus due to the lack of noise masking effect for the traditional internal combustion engine. To improve the noise characteristic of electric bus powertrain, the identification of the main noise source of the powertrain is well needed. In this paper, the effects of the motor and transmission on the noise level of the electric bus powertrain have been studied using lead packaging method. The variations of acoustical power level of the powertrain according to different rotation speed and torque under the conditions of only motor covered and only transmission covered have been discussed.

Electric buses have been used widely as cities' short-range commuter vehicles, because of their excellent power, fuel economy and emission characteristics. However, the lack of a noise masking effect for the traditional internal combustion engine, the high-frequency noise becomes more prominent for the powertrain system. The high-frequency noise gives people an unpleasant feeling on psychological and physiological. To control electric vehicle powertrain noise, the identification of the main noise source of the powertrain is well needed. In this paper, Empirical Mode decomposition (EMD) combined with Independent component Analysis (ICA) and continuous Wavelet transform (CWT) was used to identify the main noise source of the electric bus powertrain. The contribution of each noise source to the overall noise level was calculated and compared.

In order to improve the drivability and reduce the clutch friction loss, low-cost slope sensor is used in hill-start control of AMT vehicles. After the power spectrum analysis of the original signal and the design of the digital filter, the angle of the slope is obtained with short enough delay and small enough noise. By using this slope angle information, slope resistance force can be calculated online so that the vehicle can be prevented from sliding backward and optimal launch control can be realized. The digital filter of slope angle signal and the optimal controller of dry clutch engagement are embedded in the TCU (Transmission Control Unit) of a micro-car Geely Panda. Real-vehicle experiments are carried out with optimal clutch controller, which shows that the hill-start with low-cost slope sensor and optimal clutch controller can provide successful vehicle launch with little driveline shock. In addition, it can also avoid backward sliding and engine over-speed effectively.

In order to achieve a good shifting quality of pure electric vehicle dual-clutch transmission, this paper adopts linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) to control the shifting strategy. For the uncertainty of transmission dynamics model parameters and the existence of unknown disturbance effects, the linear expansion state observer (LESO) can be used to estimate and compensate the disturbance. The shift control process is converted into tracking the motor speed and clutch speed trajectory, and the linear feedback control law is used to control the motor torque and the solenoid valve current. The simulation and test results show that the control algorithm is effective and good shifting quality is guaranteed.

This paper proposes a hybrid carrier spread spectrum modulation (HCSM) technique based on dynamically adjusting the spatial zero-vectors action time to suppress the sideband vibro-acoustic responses introduced by the discontinuous pulse-width modulation (DPWM) in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for electric vehicles (EVs). Firstly, the space vector principle of DPWM is presented, and the relationship between current harmonics and space zero-vectors is analyzed. Then, the HCSM technique is proposed to suppress the current harmonics and vibro-acoustic responses based on the variation trend of zero-vectors action time in six sectors, and the suppression effect of HCSM on sideband components is predicted by the finite element method. Finally, with a 12-slots/10-poles prototype PMSM, the sideband vibro-acoustic responses and the electric drive system loss caused by DPWM and classical space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) before and after using HCSM are analyzed.

Due to the complexity and timeliness of the dual power source control system for range extended electric vehicles, a real-time predictive fuzzy energy management strategy based on speed prediction, which comprehensively takes into account the demand power of auxiliary power unit, future average speed and driving distance is proposed in this work. Firstly, to improve the topicality and accuracy of the control system, the convolutional neural network with long short-term memory neural network (CNN-LSTM) algorithm is adopted to predict the future driving speed by the speed features and adjacent speeds.