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The mixture formation prior to the ignition process is a key element in the diesel combustion because it significantly influences throughout the combustion process and exhaust emissions. Purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of ambient temperature, oxygen concentration and air entrainment into the spray on the heat release process during ignition delay periods. This study investigated diesel combustion fundamentally using a rapid compression machine and high speed digital video camera. The detail behavior of spray evaporation, spray interference and mixture formation during ignition delay period was investigated using the schlieren photography system. Ignition process, flame development and images of the spray ignition with extremely dark flame were investigated by light sensitivity direct photography method. Heat release processes were analyzed by pressure measurement in the chamber.