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Butanol is deemed as a potential alternative fuel for vehicle, but there are few studies about applying butanol in engine combustion. This paper focuses on application of butanol-gasoline blend fuel on scooter engine. In this research, different volume percentage of butanol-gasoline blend fuel, B10, B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100 are applied on 125cc scooter engine to conduct engine experiment, and higher than B60 blend fuel is declared as high butanol concentration blend fuel. The test conditions are set at 4000 and 6000rpm under partial load and full load. After executing engine experiment, engine performance, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), emissions and combustion analysis are discussed. Furthermore, viscosity and fuel spray are tested with high butanol concentration blend fuel. The engine experimental result shows that B100 fuels can increase engine performance under engine 4000 and 6000rpm.

Engine control units manage various conditions in an operating engine, including fuel injection, spark ignition and valve timing, in order to achieve the goals of high performance, high fuel efficiency and low emissions. Typically, engine models are necessary for developing engine control systems. Most mean value engine models (MVEM) are based on empirical volumetric efficiency, which contributes to calculating intake air flow rate. Therefore, they are not capable of simulating changes in valve lift and valve timing, and cannot be used for a variable valve train (VVT) engine. A method of calculating intake air flow rate with variable valve lift and valve timing is needed to adapt to the demands on VVT engine models. An engine model is proposed that focuses on a charging model, developed by using a filling-and-emptying model to simulate the air exchange in an engine, including intake- and exhaust-air flows.

In order to study the noise effect of the crank angle sensor on electronic fuel injection (EFI) control system, a Kalman filter with stroke identification is employed to estimate the crankshaft rotational dynamics. Estimated crank angle and speed are then used for EFI system. A 125 c.c. scooter engine verified by the experimental data is used to design the Kalman filter. A simulation model, which consists of nonlinear engine dynamics, powertrain dynamics, tire dynamics, and pitch-plane motorcycle dynamics, is established in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performance of the Kalman filter at various noise conditions.

This paper established a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system for developing the engine management system (EMS) of a motorcycle, which combines xPC target real-time simulator and PC based controller. An engine model of 125cc four-stroke gasoline engine that included the calculation of cylinder pressure is employed to be a control plant. A proposed control strategy developed with application of this HIL is verified to be superior to the conventional EMS of motorcycles. The proposed controller can send fuel injection and spark ignition control signals every two revolutions accurately via stroke identification method. During the engine running period, perhaps the ignition coil or other electronic equipment will conduct noise that interfere crankshaft tooth signal. Therefore, a Kalman filter is designed to improve the robustness of controller. Under interference, the performance of proposed controller is more satisfied than that without Kalman filter.

This paper presents the application of rapid prototyping electronic control unit (ECU) to fuel injection and ignition control of electronic fuel injection motorcycle engine by using Model-Based environment. As a scene on state of the art, it is famous accepted that the MATLAB Model-Based environment is an efficient development platform for engine management systems (EMS). These come from several benefits: (1) System level design environment, (2) Real-time simulation, and (3) Model to chip technology during rapid prototyping ECU development process. Therefore, this research uses these advantages to study the rapid prototyping controller (RPC) of a SI engine for decreasing time and cost requirements of development process. The target vehicle is a scooter with a four-stroke 125 cc. single cylinder engine.

Butanol is deemed as the potential alternative fuel for future development, and the previous researches show poor injection spray atomization when high butanol concentration blended fuel applying on stock small scooter engines. In this research, a platform is built to observe the spray atomization phenomena with 2.5kg/cm2 (2.452bar) 、 3.5kg/cm2(3.433bar) injection pressures and various n-butanol volume percent concentration blended fuels, B60, B80 and B100. After that, engine experiments are undergone with above conditions under wide open throttle (WOT) with stoichiometric air fuel ratio (AFR) at 4000rpm. The experiment results are analyzed and discussed from different aspects eventually. Injection spray observation shows that worse spray atomization appears accompanied with higher concentration blended fuel. But when the injection pressure increases, higher shear force acting on the injection spray improves the breakup of fuel and enhances the effect of fuel spray atomization.