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Under hot transient conditions, the effects of gasoline properties, such as the research octane number (RON), the motor octane number (MON) and types of components on acceleration performance were investigated using four ‘Premium Gasoline Required Vehicles’ which are Japanese commercial vehicles equipped with knock sensors (KSs) and an electronic control unit (ECU) to prevent the engines from knocking. Regarding the fuel, two series of fuels were used. One of them {Primary Reference Fuel Series (PRF series)} was prepared to investigate the effectiveness of the octane number of PRF (ON). The other {Components Series (COMP series)} was prepared to investigate the effects of fuel components on the same. Fuels in the COMP series had almost the same RON level, which was almost equal to 90. In the PRF series, the acceleration performance of all vehicles were improved as ON increased.