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The design of integrated exhaust lines that combine particulate and NOx emission control is a multidimensional optimization problem. The present paper demonstrates the use of an exhaust system simulation platform which is composed of well-established multidimensional mathematical models for the transient thermal and chemical phenomena in DOC, DPF and SCR systems as well as connecting pipe heat transfer effects. The analysis is focused on the European Driving Cycle conditions. Illustrative examples on complete driving cycle simulations with and without forced regeneration events are presented for alternative design approaches. The results illustrate the importance of DOC and DPF heat capacity effects and connecting pipe heat losses on the SCR performance. The possibility of combining DPF and SCR functionality on a single wall-flow substrate is studied.

In order to use modeling as a predictive tool for real-world particulate filter designs (segmented filters, non-axisymmetric designs), it is necessary to develop reliable 3-dimensional models. This paper presents a 3 d modeling approach, which is validated against engine-bench measurements with both FBC and CDPF systems. Special emphasis is given to the prediction of the transient inlet flow distribution, which is realized without resorting to external CFD software. The experimental and modeling results illustrate the 3-d nature of the problem, induced by the heat capacity and conductivity effects of the cement layers. It is possible to predict the localization of regeneration in certain areas of the filter (partial regeneration), as a result of poor heat transfer to thermally isolated regions in the filter. The accuracy of the model was validated by extensive comparisons with temperature measurements in 30 positions inside the filters and at various operating conditions.

The paper presents a mathematical model for the simulation of the operational characteristics of the trap during transient operation, based on trap inlet conditions of the exhaust gas and trap history. The model incorporates (a) the formulation of flow conditions in the trap (b) the fundamental mass and energy balance of the system (c) the formulation of the oxidation process through chemical kinetics and (d) the description of mass and heat transfer conditions, including the possibility for calculation of trap operation during both particulate accumulation and regeneration phases. The major output of the model comprises ceramic wall and exhaust gas temperature fields in the trap, as functions of time, as well as the loading level of the trap. The application of the simulation model clarifies the critical importance of the wall temperature at trap outlet and forecasts the failure probability of the ceramic material due to overheating, under specific conditions at trap inlet.