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The experiments were made on the direct injection combustion system consisting of the shallow W - type combustion chamber and the intake port with shorter passage length and weaker swirl intensity, which leads to lower requirements for manufacturing the engine cylinder head, in a small bore single - cylinder diesel engine. Test results are satisfactory. Based on performence characteristics and heat release rate curves measured in different behaviour under various matches of combustion chamber design and fuel injection system, authors have discussed each effect of design parameters on engine performances and combustion characteristics, and put forward the key points for optimization of the combustion system match.