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Fuel is the single largest operating expense for a diesel truck fleet. This paper presents data on the many factors which affect consumption, and on the ways in which fuels and additives can contribute to minimizing it. Fuel density is the key fuel parameter affecting consumption, since higher density fuels deliver more energy per litre than those of lower density. Diesel cold flow improver additives can play an important role in the economic production of diesel fuel. In addition, they allow the production of higher density fuels while maintaining good low temperature performance. Dynamometer test data are presented to show the effects of ambient temperature, vehicle speed and fuel density on consumption. The performance of flow improver additives in improving low temperature operability while maximizing density is demonstrated.

An anticipated increase in diesel fuel demand prompted a study by Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, to assess the effect of synthetic and cracked fuel components on truck cold weather performance. Subsequently, a two-year contract was awarded to Esso Petroleum Canada Research to evaluate the effect of fuel composition on combustion using a 310 hp modern HD engine, and the effect on startup and driveability down to −30°C in four Class 8 trucks.