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Issues concerning the use of object-oriented knowledgebases in hydraulic circuit design are discussed. Hydraulic system knowledge representation is described with a semantic association model. Hydraulic circuit design rules are categorized and modeled as integrity constraint or deductive rules. This work demonstrates that an object-oriented knowledgebase could potentially be a viable tool for providing the hydraulic circuit designer with an evaluation of the designed circuit. The techniques need further development to be useful by the practicing designer.

Taking advantages of high speed RGB video cameras, the two-color method can be implemented with a relatively simple setup to obtain the temporal development of the two dimensional temperature and soot (KL) distributions in a reacting diesel jet. However, several issues such as the selection of the two wavelengths, the role of bandpass filters, and the proper optical settings, etc. should be known to obtain a reliable measurement. This paper, at first, discusses about the uncertainties in the measurement of temperature and KL distributions in the diesel flame by the two-color method using the high speed RGB video camera. Since n-butanol, as an alternative renewable fuel, has the potential application in diesel engines, the characteristic of spray combustion of diesel-butanol blends under the diesel-like ambient conditions in a pre-burning constant-volume combustion chamber is studied.