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The use of diesel smoke suppressant additive (SSA) provides an effective method of suppressing black smoke formation in 25 different makes of engines tested both in Europe and the United States. A proposed mechanism is offered to explain the smoke suppressing action of the additive. The additive also reduces carbon deposits, provides antiwear protection for injectors and piston rings, and may offer a modest increase in fuel economy. Fleet tests covering more than 4,000,000 miles of operation have proved the value of SSA. Exhaust gas analyses are substantially unchanged by the use of SSA. Animal feeding and respiratory tests on the exhaust solids from engines using SSA-treated fuel show negligible toxicity. Additional benefits of SSA include better storage stability, improved antistatic properties, and antibacterial protection.

Multifunctional gasoline additives in use today fall in two general categories, the conventional type and the newer detergent-dispersant additives. The value of the detergent-dispersant lies in its ability not only to keep the carburetor clean but also to minimize the buildup of hard refractory deposits on automotive intake valves and to supplement the cleaning power of the engine oil. Engine tests confirm the effect of the detergent-dispersant. Cleanliness is enhanced in standard tests designed to measure lubricant performance under low and medium temperature engine operation. Intake valve deposits are modified in laboratory and field tests. Bench scale tests show that when the detergent-dispersant is properly formulated, treated fuels may be satisfactorily handled by refiners in storage and distribution systems.