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Predicting steering efforts at parking speed condition is critical to achieve ergonomically efficient steering system. The most important factor in calculating steering effort is the static friction torque of tires, which are affected by tire loads, kingpin axis geometry such as camber, caster and kingpin offset. In this research a multi-body approach to calculate steering effort and rack-bar force as a function of tire contact patch friction torque is proposed. For validation, the computed rack-bar force and steering effort are compared to the measured values obtained through actual vehicle test, and they showed good correlation.

In the methodology to measure the vehicle-following distance, the general trend is to use a pulsed laser system combined with the high resolution counter to estimate the flight time of laser pulse reflected from the forward vehicle. But in this method, the resolution of distance measurement is limited by the counter resolution. In this paper, an alternative method to measure distance and relative velocity with fairly high accuracy, which uses the integration of the time delay between transmitted and received pulses and its A/D conversion. By using this method, we can improve the distance measurement resolution up to a centimeter unit and this satisfies our purpose.