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During the last few decades, concerns have grown on the negative effects that diesel particulate matter has on health. Because of this, particulate emissions were subjected to restrictions and various emission-reduction technologies were developed. It is ironic that some of these technologies led to reductions in the legislated total particulate mass while neglecting the number of particles. Focusing on the mass is not necessarily correct, because it might well be that not the mass but the number of particles and the characteristics of them (size, composition) have a higher impact on health. During the diesel engine combustion process, soot particles are produced which is very harmful for the atmosphere. Particulate matter is composed of much organic and inorganic composition which was analyzed after the optimization of SCR and EGR engine out.

Increased options and flexibility in common rail direct injection provides a great opportunity for combustion optimization using fuel and air system with proper combustion chamber configuration. This paper elaborates the experimental work conducted for combustion optimization with combinations of piston bowl, intake port swirl, injector specifications and turbo charging on a 3.8 l four valve diesel engine of LDT application equipped with common rail fuel injection system and waste gate turbo charge. In meeting the target emission norms with internal engine measures, the design of the piston bowl and the nozzle configuration perform a defining role. Through simulations the best option had been carried out parametrically investigate the influence of piston bowl geometry and nozzle characteristics on the performance of the combustion system.

An efficient after treatment technique is driven by the need to maintain strict emission norms for heavy-duty and medium-duty ground vehicles. SCR being an advanced active emission technology system for diesel engine, is one of the most cost-effective and fuel-efficient technologies available for complying with the stringent NOx emission legislations. The design of the SCR system involves catalyst selection, complex controller development like urea dosing strategy and the interaction between engine setup and after treatment system. For this purpose, the SCR model must be computationally efficient to evaluate the complete efficiency along with to take care for the NH3 slip also. The SCR model was prepared with respect to SCR inlet temperature and ratio of NOx and ammonia to study the behavior of NOx conversion efficiency keeping consideration of NH3 slip also required for optimizing the calibration.