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A theoretical-experimental analysis of a VVT engine and a methodology for the definition of its optimal control is presented. The analyses are based on the employment of a very accurate 1D simulation model of the engine, developed by the authors. The code is validated by comparison with experimental data collected on a traditionally fixed- and a variable-valve timing engine as well. The model is then linked to an efficient optimization procedure, which is able to select - for each assigned operating condition - the most appropriate values of control parameters (spark advance, intake/exhaust valve opening/closing, and valve lift), with the objective of pursuing part-load BSFC improvements. Various VVT or VVA arrangements are analyzed and compared.