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The rubber bushing is the key component to suppress vibration in the suspension system, an accurate constitutive model of rubber bushing should capture the amplitude and frequency dependency. Based on the lumped parameter model, three types of rubber bushing models are applied and compared, including the common Kelvin-Voigt model. To evaluate the model parameter and suitable frequency range, the quasi-static and dynamic tests have been performed. Comparing with the testing result, the fractional Kelvin-Voigt model combined with Berg’s friction has the minimum relative error of dynamic stiffness on the whole. Finally, two examples of chassis bushing under different loading conditions are presented. The rubber force and deflection are analyzed in both the time domain and the frequency domain, and the results show the difference of stiffness and hysteresis loop relative to frequency.

The tire is one of the key components that affect vehicle performance and ride quality. The rigid ring model has been widely used in the dynamic simulation of tire rolling uneven road surface, and calculate the tire stiffness and force of rim under quasi-static conditions. However, the traditional spring-damping between rim and belt is not accurate enough to describe the viscous damping force and hysteretic behavior of rubber. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new rigid ring model, considering the viscoelasticity of tire side rubber and hysteretic behavior of rubber, to better adapt to the intermediate frequency response of tire. In this paper, the rigid ring model introduces the fractional derivative damping and friction force element to enhance the dynamic response of tire in higher frequency. Linear damping is replaced by a three-parameter fractional-order derivative damping model, and a Berg friction element was added between rim and belt.

In vehicle driving environment, the driver is subjected to the vibrations in horizontal, vertical, and fore-aft directions. The human body is very much sensitive to whole body vibration and this vibration transmission to the body depends upon various factors including road irregularities, vehicle suspension, vehicle dynamics, tires, seat design and the human body's properties. The seat design plays a vital role in the vibration isolation as it is directly in contact with human body. Vibration isolation properties of a seat depend upon its dynamic parameters which include spring stiffness and damping of seat suspension and cushion. In this paper, an optimization-based method is used to determine the optimal seat dynamic parameters for seat suspension, and cushion based on minimizing occupant's body fatigue (occupant body absorbed power). A 14-degree of freedom (DOF) multibody biodynamic human model in 2D is selected from literature to assess three types of seat arrangements.