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The paper addresses the safety of a pregnant passenger from an injury risk point of view regarding to the position of the seatbelt’s lap part. The finite element based-pregnant abdomen model is incorporated into the simplified rigid body-based female body model. The study was done in two steps. Firstly, a female model was validated in the frontal sled test to ensure its biofidelity for this particular purpose. Secondly, a fully deformable abdomen was added to create a pregnant female model. Such model was positioned in a deformable frontal seat and restrained by a safety system such as a three-point seat belt and airbag to simulate the frontal sled test scenario. A deceleration pulse corresponding to a frontal impact related to two impact velocities (30 km/h and 50 km/h) is applied and the restraint system performance is assessed with the focus on the fetus and female injury risk.

Powered two-wheeler (PTW) riders and passengers are among the group of vulnerable road users (VRU). This group uses the road transportation system together with other better-protected users such as passenger cars and truck drivers. The main vulnerability of PTW rider lies in their unequal position during the crash, due to the inability of application of the crashworthiness concept during the PTW vehicle design. This inequality could be somehow mitigated by the design of personal protective equipment (PPE). Mostly the design of the PPE’s is led by the standards which often are obsolete and takes into account only simple drop-tests (ECE 22.05). Those tests did not take into account complicated kinematics of the motorcycle accidents and biomechanics of the human body (the assessment is based only on the linear acceleration of the headform center of gravity).