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Vehicle manufacturers are facing increasing legislative pressure to reduce vehicle emissions and achieve zero tailpipe CO2 emissions within the coming decade. The focus on techniques to reduce the tailpipe CO2 emissions, rather than vehicle lifecycle emissions, naturally dictates electrified solutions. However, this will not address the increased emissions resulting from vehicle manufacture, the emissions of the legacy fleet, or enable niche or classic applications, to be decarbonised for future use. The use of bio-derived fuels, and fully synthetic fuels, can provide a technical solution to these challenges, but it is beneficial if these can be used as a drop-in replacement to existing fossil derived fuels, as this would enable straight-forward backward compatibility with existing vehicles and avoid the need to re-engineer future engine designs or upgrade existing hardware.