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The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the Energy Policy Act of 1992, and Executive Order 12759 have provided a significant boost to plans for the development and use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). While the federal initiatives require the use of substantial numbers of alternative fuel vehicles nationwide in both government and private fleets, there is still a great deal to learn about the development, maturation, and use of alternative fuels and vehicles-vehicle durability, reliability and performance, fuel composition and purity requirements, emission characteristics, fuel availability and storage, and a host of other technology and infrastructure issues. There is a need and an opportunity to identify and prioritize the short-term and long-term technology and human factors issues to be addressed.